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History:
In its third and final year as a two passenger
automobile, the Thunderbird underwent a major transformation, both
inside as well as outside. In a last attempt to address concerns about a
small luggage compartment, without the handling issues the rear-mounted
spare tire created, Ford gave the T-bird a mostly new body, with
lengthened rear fenders that allowed an additional six inches of space
in the trunk, which provided adequate storage space for a sporty,
personal car, without creating any other ill side effects.
The styling generally reflected that of other Fords for 1957, with
rectangular parking and turn signals mounted in the new larger and
stronger front bumper under the headlights, and larger tail lamps in the
rear with more prominent angled fins. The fins swept forward and
terminated on the front door, sweeping down and receding into the door
just in front of the door handle. A new rear bumper featured a raised
center section, with dual rectangular exhaust outlets built-in under the
tail lamps.
Inside, a new instrument panel also reflected changes to the larger
Fords, and no longer had the transparent hood of the previous models. A
metal engine-turned applique was fitted to the face of the panel, and
most of the instruments were shuffled around a bit. Seat upholstery was
updated, as were the door panels, which now featured Thunderbird emblems
embossed into the pattern. The front seat springs were revised to
provide better support for the spine, and improved lateral support. As a
result, Ford noted that driver fatigue on long trips had been reduced.
Changes were made to the frame as a result of the longer rear section.
The number four cross member, which had been a channel section on
earlier cars, was changed to a box section to provide additional
strength. The longer rear section also improved weight distribution,
which resulted in better handling than before.
New options for 1957 included the Dial-O-Matic power seat, which
included a control mounted on the lower instrument panel, below the
radio and ash tray. A ring control, with a pointer could be placed on
settings numbered 1-7 to control the forward/backward movement of the
seat, and a center knob featured settings marked A-E for up/down
adjustment. The driver merely set the controls to the most comfortable
seat position, and the seat would automatically return to that position
when the key was turned on. For ease of access, the seat automatically
moved to its rearmost position automatically when the key was turned
off. This was not a terribly popular option for some reason, and was
offered in addition to the optional 4-way power seat.
Several new engine options were offered in 1957, including a new
Thunderbird Special Supercharged V-8, with a cubic inch displacement of
312, which developed 300 brake horsepower and 340 lbs.-ft. of torque @
5300 rpm. Fuel was fed through a Holley four barrel carburetor with a
McCulloch/Paxton centrifugal supercharger. Another offered dual four
barrel carburetors.
A new all-white interior trim color was offered, and for the first time
solid interior colors of red and copper also became available. Two new
convertible top colors were also available, blue and tan, keyed to both
interior and exterior colors. The black, blue, and tan tops were canvas,
and the white top was vinyl, which continued to have durability and
longevity issues and suffered a short life span. The convertible top
mechanism was modified for easier operation.
Ford reworked the top options for 1957, with the standard "glass-fiber
hardtop" being included in the base price. Port windows were considered
a standard feature this year, with a no charge, optional hardtop without
the port windows available by request. Hardtops without the port windows
got a new circular badge with a V-shaped Thunderbird emblem set against
a black background mounted in the lower front corner of the top, just
behind the door glass. The hardtop could be ordered in matching or
contrasting paint colors. A revised clamping mechanism was also provided
for the hardtop in 1957. For owners wanting both hardtop and soft top,
the folding convertible soft top was provided as standard, with the
hardtop at extra cost. A bit confusing, but it appears Ford wasn't
certain even in the beginning how to equip its new T-bird, when it came
to the type of top provided.
From virtually the day the first 1955 Thunderbird hit the streets, Ford
was planning a major change for the car. The two passenger capacity
limited the T-bird to a select market, one which was getting smaller by
the day. Ford's marketing showed that more people would buy a
Thunderbird if passenger capacity was increased, as long as its
distinctive styling remained intact. It was determined that costs could
be cut if the T-bird shared assembly facilities with the new 1958
Lincoln and Continental, which would be built in a new facility in
Wixom, Michigan. The new Lincolns would be of unibody construction, and
in order to share as much of the cost as possible, the next T-bird would
also have to be a unibody vehicle as well.
This would be the beginning of a very long relationship between the
Thunderbird and Lincoln, one that would continue through 1976. Being
able to distribute design costs over more than one car line allowed Ford
to keep prices low and realize more of a return on their investment, and
the Thunderbird and Lincoln were well suited toward sharing components
during this time.
There are many who believe the first three years of Thunderbird
production best represent the nameplate; however, it's likely that had
Ford not made changes to the car over the years to keep it the
trendsetter it always was, the line would have never made it as far as
it did. Some of the most beloved T-birds of all time were built in the
years after the two passenger Bird left production.
Production
The Ford Thunderbird had done everything Ford intended for it to do. It
captured the hearts of America, brought people into Ford showrooms so
they could see it first hand, and hopefully buy another Ford automobile
if the Thunderbird wasn't right for them, and it was the car to own and
be seen in. Sales the first two years were quite good, especially
considering the very limited market for this type of a car in the first
place. Sales for 1955 surpassed predictions, and even though sales
dropped off for 1956 slightly, that was due to a late introduction of
the '56 cars as much as anything. 1957 would be the third and final year
for the original two passenger Thunderbird, and some feel the third year
was the best one yet.
Since the introduction of the Thunderbird, there had been complaints
about the passenger compartment being too warm, poor visibility with
either of the tops installed, limited passenger capacity, and inadequate
space in the luggage compartment. Obviously, when one buys a two
passenger sporty personal car, one should expect limited passenger
capacity. This meant most Thunderbirds would be second cars in a two car
family, and with America's families growing at this time, the need for
more capacity was growing as well.
Ford recognized this and was ready to respond with a new, larger
Thunderbird for 1958. One that would allow four passengers to travel in
Thunderbird style and luxury, one that would offer adequate luggage
compartment space for road trips or an outing to the golf course. The
new car would be of unibody design, and would be built in a new assembly
plant in Wixom, Michigan along with the Lincolns and Continentals.
As with anything completely new, there were delays, and the new 1958
Thunderbird would not be ready to make its debut along with the rest of
the 1958 Ford line, so production of the 1957 Thunderbird was held over,
to keep new Thunderbirds available during this time. That meant initial
Ford literature for the 1958 models also included the 1957 Thunderbirds.
'57 T-birds made during this time received new 1958 colors, and appeared
in dealer showrooms alongside the new 1958 Ford models.
Because of the longer than normal production run, and because the 1957
Thunderbird received an attractive styling update that addressed some of
the issues with the former models, sales grew to 21,380 cars. The final
1957 Thunderbird reached the end of the assembly line on December 13,
1957.
1958 would not be a good year for the automotive industry, as the
country was in a recession at the time. Sales of new cars plummeted, and
the most notable failure was the highly-touted introduction of the new
Edsel, a make designed to compete in the middle price range. The Edsel
would last just over two years, and was discontinued shortly after the
1960 models hit the showrooms. One of the few 1958 success stories,
however, was the new larger '58 T-bird, one of just two models to show a
sales increase for the year. 37,892 Thunderbirds were built in 1958, an
increase of 16,512 cars, or 177 percent of 1957 production. Even more
amazing, was the fact that the 1958 Thunderbirds didn't go to market
until after the start of the New Year, a very late start for a car, and
only the Hardtop model was initially available. The Convertible didn't
go into production until very late in the production run, making the
1958 Thunderbird Convertibles very rare.
In 1957, Ford had two of the most distinctive and desired automobiles on
the road. One of them was the Thunderbird, the other was the Continental
Mark II, which was in its second and final year. Cadillac introduced its
hyper-expensive Eldorado Brougham in 1957, the most expensive production
car to date. As with the Mark II, the Eldorado Brougham sold in limited
numbers and was meant to make a statement of superiority more than
anything else.
Advertising continued to include the Thunderbird in corporate Ford ads,
showing cars from each division. The Thunderbird was also the focus of
ads for car wax, Vista by Simoniz, for one. At this point, everyone knew
what a Thunderbird was, and it was being widely used on television and
in popular motion pictures of the time. It was popular with celebrities
and notable personalities across the country. Driving a T-bird said a
lot about its owner.
Engine Options
The standard 1957 Thunderbird engine was a 292 cubic inch V-8, rated at
212 horsepower and supplied only with the 3-speed manual transmission.
This represented an increase in horsepower from 202 in 1956. A two
barrel Holley carburetor supplied the fuel and air mixture. In this
form, the T-bird was a spirited performer, certainly not the fastest car
on the road, but it wasn't far behind, either.
The optional 312 cubic inch V-8, introduced in 1956, was now rated at
245 horsepower, and was available with either the optional Overdrive or
Fordomatic transmissions. A Holley four barrel carburetor utilized the
front two barrels for normal operation, and the additional rear two
barrels kicked in for added performance, such as when passing or when
additional power is needed going uphill.
Since horsepower and performance were all the rage in 1957, additional
engine options were offered on the 1957 Thunderbird to satisfy those
with a desire for more performance. The 312 could also be ordered up
with dual four barrel Holley carburetors, bringing horsepower up to 270.
This engine option was supplied with any of the three transmissions
offered at the time. A Racing Kit version was also offered, it featured
a special Iskanderian E-2 camshaft with a longer duration and dual valve
springs, and it brought the horsepower rating up to 285.
If this wasn't enough, a limited number of 1957 Thunderbirds were built
with a 312 cubic inch V-8 equipped with a McCulloch Variable Ratio
Supercharger. The model number of this supercharger was VR-57, and it
featured a unique sealed intake housing that fit over a special Holley
four barrel carburetor. This was a different carburetor than those
supplied with the other engine configurations. In addition to the
supercharger and unique carburetor, this engine used a special camshaft
and a dual point distributor. The upper fan shroud was notched to
provide clearance for an additional idler pulley to drive the
supercharger.
While the supercharger may seem exotic for the time, by 1957 Chevrolet
had developed a fuel injection system it called Ramjet. It was designed
in cooperation with Rochester. Standard on the 1957 Corvette, Chevrolet
stated that this system provided increased power, more instantaneous
acceleration, faster cold starts, smoother engine warm up, and better
overall fuel economy. It also eliminated the possibility of carburetor
icing in cold weather.
Ford and Chevrolet began looking into entering the racing circuits late
in 1955. A win would add prestige and draw people into the showrooms.
Ford set up an independent organization to handle its racing interests.
Known as Peter DePaolo Engineering, it was based in Long Beach,
California. Two units within the group were formed, one for the East
Coast NASCAR racing circuit, and the other for the West Coast NASCAR
racing circuit. The West Coast unit in particular was of importance, as
it allowed even more modifications to the cars.
Several 1956 Thunderbirds were delivered to DePaolo so they could begin
their work, and by December 1956, four 1957 Thunderbirds were also
shipped to Long Beach. Two of the '57 cars were modified so heavily that
they bore no resemblance to the original car, but the other two, which
were intended for the "stock" class, were more modestly modified. Under
existing NASCAR specifications at the time, the stock cars had
specially-cast blocks that resembled the stock 312 engine. However,
sections of the castings were heavier where necessary, and they had
special camshafts, hydraulic lifters, a non-standard bore, and a stroked
camshaft with a 1/4" extra throw. An experimental McCulloch supercharger
was also fitted and tested, with the intention of making it available as
a factory option on the 1957 Thunderbird later in the year.
One of the modified, but still "stock" Thunderbirds, was equipped with
aerodynamically-designed body panels, and included aluminum panels in
place of the steel doors and hood. In the 1957 Daytona Spring Speed
event, this T-bird cleaned up with a clocked 138.755 miles per hour time
for the two-way flying mile on the sand beach. The same car later set a
new record of 89.708 mph for the standing mile, and at Bonneville,
registered a top speed in excess of 160 mph!
The Thunderbird had beaten the Corvette, and Ford's moment of glory was
exactly that—a moment of glory. In June of 1957, the Automobile
Manufacturer's Association of Detroit, Michigan made a decision that
factory racing must be suspended. This was based on complaints that some
of the "stock" items used on these cars weren't actually available to
the public, which was a requirement of the stock classification. So
factory racing, and most of the components associated with it,
disappeared. - Except in the case of the 1957 Thunderbird. The one item:
the supercharger.
The standard 312 engine block was able to accommodate the high lift
camshaft and the experimental supercharger was now available in a
production version. Just 211 1957 Thunderbirds were built with this
highly desirable engine, 14 with the Phase I 3-speed or Overdrive
transmission, and 197 with the Phase II, equipped with any of the three
transmissions offered for 1957.
There were warranty issues with the Phase I superchargers, and a Product
Service Letter P-372, dated January 29, 1958, advised dealers to replace
the Phase I units with Phase II units. This was a temporary fix,
however, as by June 22, 1958, a Management Service Letter M-178 was
released advising dealers to send defective Phase II units back to the
manufacturer in Long Beach and order replacement parts from their
regional parts depot. Repair procedures were also provided to dealers
who wanted to repair the units in house.
In the interest of fairness, we should point out that the Corvette
bettered the T-bird in other races, and it should be noted that many
credit the Thunderbird for the Corvette's continued existence. From
1953-1957, Chevrolet sold 14,446 Corvettes. Compare that to Ford's
production of the 1955-1957 Thunderbird, at 53,166...a three year period
compared to five years for the Corvette. During this time, Chevrolet and
Ford were highly competitive, and wanted to compete model-for-model.
Chevrolet had considered canceling the Corvette due to slow sales, but
refused to admit defeat when the T-bird came along. So, Chevrolet
invested more money into the Corvette, put a V-8 under the hood, and
improved the car to be more aligned with what Americans expected in
their cars at the time. In many cases, when it came to sheer
performance, the Corvette, especially those with the V-8 engine, were
faster than the T-bird. But the Thunderbird had captured the affection
and attention of the American people, and as such was overall the big
winner as sales during these early years beat the Corvette, in 1956
alone by a ratio of 10 to 1.
Technical specification:
INTRODUCTION DATE:
October 3, 1956
TOTAL PRODUCTION: 21,380
TOP LINE: BODY CODE/MODEL NAME/BASE PRICE
BOTTOM LINE: WEIGHT/PRODUCTION
M6/P6 40A 2 Door Convertible $2,944
Weight: 2,980 lbs. Built: 21,380
Production: September 17, 1956-December 13,1957 (1957 production held
over due to delays in the introduction of the new 1958 models)
ENGINE DETAILS
C
Thunderbird V-8 Conventional Transmission:
Displacement: 292 CID
Bore and Stroke: 3.75 x 3.30 in.
Compression Ratio: 9.10:1
Brake Horsepower: 212 @ 4500 rpm
Torque: 297 lbs.-ft. @ 2700 rpm
Carburetor: Holley 2V
Optional:D
Thunderbird Special V-8 Overdrive or Ford-O-Matic Transmission:
Displacement: 312 CID
Bore and Stroke: 3.80 x 3.44 in.
Compression Ratio: 9.7:1
Brake Horsepower: 245 @ 4500 rpm
Torque: 332 lbs.-ft. @ 3200 rpm
Carburetor: Holley 4V
Optional:E
Thunderbird Super V-8 All Transmissions:
Displacement: 312 CID
Bore and Stroke:3.80 x 3.44 in.
Compression Ratio: 9.7:1
Brake Horsepower: 270 @ 4800 rpm
Torque: 336 lbs.-ft. @ 3400 rpm
Carburetor: Holley 4V x 2
Optional:E
Thunderbird Super V-8—Racing Kit Version All Transmissions:
Displacement: 312 CID
Bore and Stroke:3.80 x 3.44 in.
Compression Ratio: 10.0:1
Brake Horsepower: 285 @ 5200 rpm
Torque: 343 lbs.-ft. @ 3500 rpm
Carburetor: Holley 4V x 2
Optional:F
Thunderbird Special Supercharged V-8 All Transmissions:
Displacement: 312 CID
Bore and Stroke:3.80 x 3.44 in.
Compression Ratio: 9.7:1
Brake Horsepower: 300 @ 4800 rpm
Torque: 340 lbs.-ft. @ 5300 rpm
Carburetor: Holley 4V with McCulloch Variable Ratio Centrifugal
Supercharger
TRANSMISSION
1 - Manual
2 - Overdrive
3 - Automatic Standard: 3-speed Synchromesh with helical gears
Ratios: 2.32:1 (first); 1.48:1 (second); 1:1 (third); 2.82:1 (reverse)
Optional Overdrive: Planetary overdrive with planetary gears
Ratio: 0.70:1
Cut-In Speed: 27 mph
Cut-Out Speed: 21 mph
Optional Automatic: Ford-O-Matic torque converter with planetary gears
Ratios: 1.48:1 (drive); 2.44:1 (low); 2.0:1 (reverse)
WHEELBASE DIMENSIONS
102 inches
Front Tread: 56 inches
Rear Tread: 56 inches
Original Tire Brand: Firestone and Goodyear
Optional Whitewall Width: 2-1/8" Length: 181.4 inches
Width: 72.8 inches
Height: 49.6 inches
Trunk: 63.4" long x 58.4" wide
Ground Clearance: 5.9 inches
Height to Top of Door: 34.2 inches
Height to Top of Hardtop: 51.6 inches
Height to Top of Convertible Top: 51.8 inches
Front Leg Room: 44.9 inches
Front Shoulder Room: 53.3 inches
Front Hip Room: 58.8 inches
Front Headroom: 33.1 inches (Hardtop); 33.6 inches (Convertible Top)
STEERING CAPACITIES
Turning Diameter: 36 ft.
Turns Lock-To-Lock: 4.5
Steering Ratio: 23.0:1
Steering Wheel Diameter: 17 inches
Weight Distribution (%; F/R): 50/50 Fuel Tank: 20 gallons
Cooling System: 19 quarts
TIRE SIZE BRAKES
7.50 x 14 4-ply BSW Tubeless
Wheels: 5 inch
Wheel studs: 5.5 inch
Wheel stud circle: 4.5 inch diameter Front: 11 inch hydraulic drum
Rear: 11 inch hydraulic drum
Total Swept Area: 176 sq. in.
1957 changes:
• Wheel/tire size changed from 15" to 14"
• Restyled front and rear bumpers, doors, and rear fenders
• New tail lamps
• New instrument panel
• New seat and door panel upholstery designs
• First year for supercharged engine
• Dial-O-Matic Power Seat option
• Town and Country Radio option
• All-White (trim code XK) interior trim
• Round, reflective yellow "Lifeguard Design" decal added to driver's
door rear edge to warn oncoming cars
• Heavier-duty door hinges
Standard Equipment
292 Y-Block 4V V-8 Engine* (212 Horsepower)
3-Speed Conventional Drive
Semi-Centrifugal Type Clutch
7.50 x 14 4-Ply Tubeless BSW Tires*
Dual Exhausts
Pleated Vinyl Upholstery
Variable-Intensity Illuminated Control Knobs
Automatic Courtesy Light on Instrument Panel
Rear View Mirror on Windshield Upper Molding
Dual Horns
Deep-Center Lifeguard Steering Wheel
2-Inch In-Out Adjustable Telescoping Steering Wheel
Tachometer
Electric Clock with Sweep Second Hand
Cigarette Lighter and Ash Tray
Glass-Fibre Top (with or without Port Windows; no charge)
Lifeguard Door Latches
Lifeguard Rear View Mirror
Exterior Rear View Mirror (Driver's Door)
Cowl Side Vents
Glass Wind Deflectors
*Designates new standard feature for 1957
Optional Equipment
Thunderbird 312 Special V-8 Engine ($123)
Thunderbird 312 Super V-8 Engine ($189.60)
Thunderbird Extra High Performance 312 Super V-8 Engine ($230.80)
Thunderbird 312 Supercharged Engine* ($340.00)
Chrome Engine Dress-Up Kit ($25)
Overdrive ($146)
Ford-O-Matic Drive ($215)
Full-Flow Oil Filter ($9.15)
Oil Bath Air Cleaner
Locking Gas Cap
Swift-Sure Power Brakes ($38.25)
Master-Guide Power Steering ($68)
Power-Lift Windows ($70)
4-Way Power Seat ($64.50)
Dial-O-Matic 4-Way Power Seat* ($76.45)
I-Rest Tinted Safety Glass ($23.13)
Whitewall Tires ($30)
Convertible Fabric Top ($75 without Glass-Fibre Top)
Convertible Fabric Top ($290 with Glass-Fibre Top)
MagicAire Heater ($85)
Radio ($99.50)
Volumatic Signal-Seek Radio* ($143.90)
Deluxe Antenna ($10)
Outside Mirror (Round—$5.10)
Hooded Mirror* ($8.10)
Rear Fender Shields ($26.60)
Full Wheel Covers ($12.75)
Turbine Wheel Covers* ($12.75)
Wire Wheel Covers ($35)
Engine Dress-Up Kit ($25)
Aquamatic Windshield Washer-Wiper ($10)
Exterior Rear View Mirror ($5)
Special Fuel and Vacuum Pump Unit ($11.70)
Back-Up Lights ($8.50)
Color-Keyed Tonneau Cover ($12.30)
Lifeguard Padded Instrument Panel ($22.65)
Lifeguard Padded Sun Visors ($9)
Lifeguard Seat Belts ($14)
Auto-Home Electric Shaver* ($)
70 Amp. Battery ($7.60)
Safety Package B* ($33)
*Designates a new optional item for 1957
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